Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome: A Case With Multiple Extra-Glandular Infiltrations

Abstract

Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) is a rare condition characterized by circulating and infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes and described mostly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As it has an impact on several organs in the human body and thus mimics different initial clinical presentations, proper recognition is essential. This report describes a case of DILS with renal, pulmonary and nervous system infiltrates. The patients clinical presentation and response to treatment are properly described in order to portray a clear picture of this condition. The DILS definition, diagnostic and management are reviewed based on a thorough literature review. Also, a differential diagnosis is resumed for each specific organ infiltrate. In cases of severe renal failure, clinicians must consider the DILS diagnostic in order to initiate proper treatment.




J Med Cases. 2016;7(7):307-311
doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2558w